The striped raphael catfish belongs to the thorny catfish family and stands out with its distinctive banded pattern and robust armor plating. The body is covered with thick skin reinforced by bony plates, while characteristic spines run along the lateral line. Bold black and white or yellowish stripes make this species easily recognizable among aquarium inhabitants.
The hoplo catfish (Hoplosternum thoracatum) stands out as one of the most fascinating bottom-dwelling species available to aquarium hobbyists. This member of the armored catfish family attracts attention not only through its distinctive appearance but also its engaging behavior. In the wild, this species inhabits waterways across South America—from Panama to Paraguay—populating the Amazon, Orinoco, and upper Paraguay river basins.
Cory catfish belong to the genus Corydoras from the armored catfish family. These popular aquarium fish have earned widespread appreciation for their peaceful temperament, hardy nature, and useful habit of scavenging food from the substrate. The genus includes approximately 200 described species, with new ones regularly discovered. Undescribed species receive temporary designations with C or L codes followed by numbers.
Corydoras pygmaeus, commonly known as the pygmy cory, is among the smallest members of the armored catfish family. First scientifically described by Knaack in 1966, this diminutive species quickly gained popularity among aquarists for its peaceful temperament and compact size. In my experience, the pygmy cory makes an excellent choice for nano aquariums and community tanks with other gentle species.
The panda cory (Corydoras panda) stands out as one of the most charming armored catfish species in the aquarium hobby. This small bottom-dweller earned its name from distinctive markings resembling a giant panda: a black patch across the eyes like a mask, a dark spot at the tail base, and contrasting dorsal fin against a light pink or cream body. In nature, Corydoras panda inhabits the upper Amazon basin, primarily in rivers of Peru and Ecuador, especially the Ucayali River system, where it favors areas with soft acidic water, sandy substrate, and gentle current.
The peppered cory (Corydoras paleatus) ranks among the most beginner-friendly aquarium fish available today. This armored catfish species has graced home aquariums for over a century, earning a well-deserved reputation for hardiness and peaceful temperament. In my experience, this fish serves as an excellent introduction to bottom-dwelling species—it tolerates common beginner mistakes while remaining genuinely engaging to observe.
The glass catfish (Kryptopterus vitreolus) stands out as one of the most remarkable aquarium fish, offering a literal window into the workings of a living organism. Its nearly transparent body has earned it nicknames like “ghost fish” or “phantom catfish.” You can see right through the fish to observe internal organs, skeletal structure, and even the aquarium background behind it. The only opaque part is a silvery sac just behind the head that houses vital organs.
The cuckoo catfish is one of the most fascinating members of the featherfin catfish family. This species earned its common name from a remarkable reproductive strategy that mirrors the brood parasitism of cuckoo birds. In the wild, these fish are found exclusively in Lake Tanganyika in East Africa, where they’ve evolved alongside mouthbrooding cichlids.
The upside-down catfish (Synodontis nigriventris David, 1936) is one of the most recognisable and entertaining species in the family Mochokidae. It is also the smallest member of the Synodontis genus, making it ideal for moderately sized home aquariums. Native to the Congo River basin in Central Africa, this species inhabits slow-moving tributaries with dense vegetation, submerged roots and plenty of driftwood.